Alcohol & Drug Abuse: A Psychobiological Trait In Human Societies Essay

Introduction Anthropology can be defined as the science of physical, social, material, and cultural development of man, including his origin, evolution, distribution, customs, beliefs, and folkways. Anthropologists are concerned with the ways in which human groups and communities cope with the immense changes in their physical and sociopolitical environments in recent decades. Today, many anthropologists feel the need to solve contemporary problems in society, not just study human existence. Specifically, the contemporary problem of drug and alcohol abuse is an issue of great importance worth examining for anthropologists as well as sociologists and other professionals who study factors that influence human behavior. "For thousands of years people in nearly every culture have used drugs as medicines, to alter mental states as part of religious or social rituals, or simply for individual effects" (Starr, 1997, p. 242). Cross­Cultural Definition of Drug and Alcohol Use/Abuse According to the Dictionary of Anthropology (1966), "there is often an elaborate symbolism involved in the choice of different social and ceremonial occasions" (G.K.Hall & Co., p. 83). For example, "manioc" beer is the traditional beverage for a communal work party in many Amazonian native groups and is associated with sociability, family and communal life. "Aquardiente" liquor, which is obtained from the non­native patron, is reserved for less social drinking patterns and is often identified with aggressive behavior as fighting, for example. On the other hand, hallucinogen drugs are reserved for Shamanistic and religious occasions. They are a means of communicating with reality governed by Shamanistic spirits. All human groups possess a r... ...e, The Chimpanzees of Gombe, Belnap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA: 1986. Heath, Dwight, Constructive Drinking, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA: 1987. Heath, Dwight B, Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 1, American Reference Publishing Co., Inc., Lakeville, CT: 1996. Kottak, Conrad Philip, Cultural Anthropology, Mc Graw­Hill Publishing, Inc., New York: 1994. Lee, Richard B., The Dobe Ju/'hoansi, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Orlando: 1993. Lisansky, Edith S., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4., Collier and MacMillan, Inc:, 1968. Murdock, George Peter, Our Primitive Contemporaries, The Mac Millan Co., Inc., New York: 1934. Shell, Ellen Ruppel, "Flesh and Bone", Discover, December, 1991. Starr, Cecie, Human Biology, Wadsworth Publishing Co, Belmont, California: 1997.

Analysis of the boy in the stripped pyjamas

The boy In the striped pajamas. The movie Is about the life o Bruno a little German boy. N of one of the most Important Nazis in the second world war and how he lives next to a concentration, one day he finds the fence and in the other side of it is a boy with a pajamas, Bruno starts getting curious about this boy and he discovers that the name of the boy is Samuel, they start a friendship without even knowing that if someone discover their friendship there would be problems for Samuel. When you are a little kid you do not Judge people and you see the good In everyone, Bruno did not know that he must not talk to he people In the other side of the fence , he didn't have that Ideas that grown people had.The movie shows the innocence of a child and the mistakes grown people do. Q: How do you relate to a character/event /idea/setting in this text? Give your personal opinion of this character and reflect on why you think this: I children are the most honest people because they don't have ideas that adult people have, that is what I like about Bruno his innocence and how he just wanted to help Samuel despite his position, Bruno Is a loyal friend and makes everything to be with Samuel n example of It is in one of the last scenes when he grabs the hand of his friend before getting into the gas chamber.He died with his friend and he didn't know he wasn't supposed to be there, that his father was one of the reasons that the fences where there. People lost everything in this places, but children where the more affected because the lost their innocence and I hope I never related to this kind of stories. Q: Explain in detail what how and why this text teaches you something about yourself/collect/human nature/our world (historical or present day). What do you think is the writer's ‘director's purpose?Humans are cruel and they don't see what they do, but they are not born like this society teach them that, that is what the movie teach me about humanity, society tells wh at is right and what is wrong but when you are a kid you don't have this ideas and you just live without worries, Bruno show us this, even though his father was one of the mans elders he didn't understand. Adults can Influence In kids we can see this in Brunt's sister, she stop laying with dolls and being a girl and started putting posters of heeler and having pro Nazis ideas thanks to the things she saw and she lived. Word Count: Apron 300) Q. Why do you recommend this text? (Add more detail to your answers to Sq 1-3/ink to your experience and knowledge of the wider world in an insightful way by looking texts you have read and/or viewed) This movie reminds of the book the diary of Anne frank one of the most famous books in history, The diary of Anne Frank tells the story f a girl living in a hidden place with their family and more people, they lived like this for 2 years trying to hide from the Nazis in Amsterdam.Both of this stories talk about the second world war and both of them are narrate by 2 kids in the progress of growing up, both of them are in danger because of the Nazis. Anne is in danger because they are looking for her and her family, Bruno was in danger because he lived with them and they could invade his mind with that kind of ideas. I recommend this movie to all the ones that want to see a friendship movie.

Journal Article Critique of an Empirical Analysis of...

Article: An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology By Richard W. Robins, Samuel D. Gosling and Kenneth H. Craik Presented by: Cassandra Brown AU ID: 3130858 PSYC 290 Journal Article Critique 1 Tutor: Cristela D’Elia June 1st, 2013 I. Research Question or Problem The journal article question is clearly stated. The question asks whether the behaviourist, the psychoanalytic, the cognitive, or the neuroscientific perspective is most intellectually significant and most prominent in psychology today (Robins, Goling, amp; Craik, 1999, p. 117). II. Introduction The introduction presents differing contentions regarding which school of psychology is most prominent. Five references have been cited in the introduction. It is†¦show more content†¦Articles regarding the psychoanalytic and neuroscientific perspective, however, were essentially non-existent throughout the studied period. Authors provided graphs and tables in order to demonstrate their findings over time for each index (Robins, Gosling, amp; Craik, 1999, p.121-126). V. Discussion/Conclusions Due to their compelling findings, the authors were able to construct several conclusions. Firstly, psychoanalytic journals, dissertations, and flagship articles have not been in the spotlight of mainstream psychology for the past several decades (Robins, Gosling, amp; Craik, 1999, p.123, 124). Secondly, with the focus currently on cognitive psychology, behavioural psychology has and continues to subside in scientific psychology (Robins, Gosling, amp; Craik, 1999, p.124). Moreover, the authors’ state that one reason cognitive psychology is transcending behavioural psychology is due to the immeasurable role of computers in modern society. For example, thanks to computers, considerable changes have taken place in regards to scientists’ understanding of memory, information processing, etc (Robins, Gosling, amp; Craik, 1999, p.124). Lastly, mainstream psychology does not yet recognize neuropsychology; however, there is an obvious increase in popularity that is underway . Authors recommend further research to explore the growing prominenceShow MoreRelatedOrathinkal Critique2519 Words   |  11 PagesPerception and Motivation Study Among Married Adults: Orathinkal Critique Liberty University Abstract This paper is a comprehensive evaluation of an article entitled â€Å"Forgiveness: A Perception and Motivation Study Among Married Adults.† The researchers of this study are Jose Orathinkal, Alfons Vansteenwegen, Roger Burggraeve. This paper will attempt critique and evaluate all pertinent and assigned elements within this article. 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Nicole Hogue Worlds Most Dangerous Gang Essay - 1924 Words

Six interesting new facts/ issues: 1. Counterculture (Pg. 48)- a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture The MS13 is a perfect example of a counterculture. They are a world within themselves. The gang is very organized and structured; there is hierarchy with the gang. There is a significant amount of money flow within the gang. A few ways the gang obtains money is by drug dealing, illegal weapons, vendors pay the gang to work in their territories and for their protection, and drug dealers also pay the gang to earn the right to sell drugs in their territories. There are laws and rules that a gang member must abide by. One very strict rule for a gang member is†¦show more content†¦There are many stigmas associated with being a member of MS13. Cooperating with a member of the gang even in the smallest of ways is punishable by law to the extent of losing your home. This punishment is set because they are viewed as a serious threat because they are such a violent and dangerous group and law enforcement is really trying to crack down on their activities. By becoming a member of th e Mara Salvatrucha you are stigmatized for life. The MS13 gang association will follow you until the day you day. Even if a member tries to leave the gang they have the weight of worrying if a current member has been ordered to kill them. Gang members sometimes purposely bring about a stigma towards themselves by covering their bodies in tattoos. These tattoos are not tattoos that most would consider to be beautiful by any means. The tattoos tell the story of their life within the gang. Another body marking that regularly comes about because of being a gang member is scars. Many members are involved in brutal fights, stabbings, and shootings. They wear these scars with pride whereas others see them as ugly reminders of how brutal the life of a gang member is. The association with a gang, especially one such as the MS13 who is known for their power and willingness to be violent is a stigma that one can never ignore. Some stigmas that come along with being a

Essay about Comparison of McCarthyism and the U.S. Patriot...

Through the 1940s and 1950s, America was beleaguered with anxieties about the menace of communism arising in Eastern Europe and China. Profiting out of such worries of the nation, young Senator Joseph McCarthy made an open charge that hundreds of card-carrying communists had penetrate in the United States government. Although his allegations were found ultimately to be false and the Senate reproached him for improper ways, his ardent shakeup heralded as one of the most tyrannical era in 20th-century American politics. While the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAA) had been made in 1938 as a body to resist communists, McCarthys charges enhanced the political nervousness of the epoch. The suspicious chase for moles,†¦show more content†¦The law also needed all foreign residents in the United States over 14 years of age to report an all-inclusive declaration of their private and professional position and a testimony of their political viewpoints. The main objective of the Alien Registration Act was to destabilize the American Communist Party and other left-leaning political pressure lobbies in the Unites States. It was decided that the HUAC had been set up by Congress in 1938 to examine people distrusted of being unpatriotic and hence more bent to oust the government (McCarthysm, spartacus.schoolnet.co). Modern researches, of course, show opposing viewpoints about McCarthysm as interpreted during the cold war days and now. It also sometimes, finds the Patriot Act as having some very significant and positive sides and that the act should not be merely seen as an appendage to McCarthyism. Starting with ballot and crime figures, Amitai Etzioni, a Carter government advisor on domestic affairs and the present director of the Institute of Communitarian Policy Studies at George Washington University, argues that civic security actions can be vital to democracy but not that any and all security dealings augment liberty. In his book How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? Freedom Versus Security in the Age of Terrorism (2004), he specifies safety measures embarked on the U.S. since September 11th. Foreshadowing the menaces includingShow MoreRelatedMccarthyism And Today s Issues Concerning The Surveillance Of Muslim Americans2012 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a particularly strong relationship between 1950’s McCarthyism and today’s issues concerning the surveillance of Muslim-Americans. Although it can be argued that Islamophobia today is not the red scare repeating itself, it is important to study how the United States handled past civil liberties violations in ord er to have a better understanding of how we can handle similar issues in the present and the future. During the 1940’s the Motion Picture Association made a chilling statement in responseRead MoreMass Hysteria And The Boston Marathon Bombing1380 Words   |  6 Pagesmass hysteria like in The Crucible. In this essay, I will argue that those who act to preserve power use fear and uncertainty, irrational behavior and fear must continue to fuel the hysteria, and the lawgivers must use unjust actions to establish justice. The reason I decided to choose the theme of mass hysteria is to show the relevance and importance of mass hysteria in our recent history. Firstly, those that act in the interest of preserving power and self-interest create the use of fear and

Classification Of New Year free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Dieters Essay, Research Paper Year after twelvemonth, while everyone is focused on the vacation season, many people are besides obsessed with? New Year? s declarations? . The most normally heard declaration, is the celebrated: ? lose weight, acquire in form? line that we have all heard, and many have said, in the yesteryear. In order to accomplish this end, one needs a more stable ground than a party chapeau and confetti for one dark. Anyone that truly wants to alter their diet and/or fittingness degree demands to be ready for a long, disputing life-time of attempt. In order to salvage everyone some clip and letdown, I hold classified these? Resolutioners? into different classs that determine their success. Now, your occupation is to make up ones mind which class you fall under, as a consequence you can make up ones mind whether your ends are realistic and deserving the attempt. We will write a custom essay sample on Classification Of New Year or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page See your ain capablenesss and where they fall in the following classs: The? one month/20 pounds rock-ribbed? dieter This is the most common among the? New Year? s dieters? . This individual will give excessively much attempt in the beginning to go on this new life style. They are willing to diminish their consumption of nutrient and increase their activity degree ; nevertheless, after the first month of regards and fast losing goes by, they will bit by bit happen their manner back to the Hostess aisle at the local supermarket. This type of individual need non blow their clip attempt and/or money on this ? declaration? . After all, a New Year? s declaration is supposed to be a end for at least one twelvemonth ; non merely a month. The? I am traveling to make it this twelvemonth? dieter This individual is the type of individual that repeats themselves every twelvemonth, when it? s clip to give their declarations. They seem to disregard the fact, twelvemonth after twelvemonth, that nil has changed in the fittingness and nutrition universe. In order to alter their visual aspect and derive a more healthy life style, they will still be forced to acquire off the sofa and set away the Lay? s murphy french friess. In the same regard as the old class, this individual might every bit good? quit speaking and maintain mastication? ; because with this attitude, they are headed in the incorrect way down a one-way street. The? I can? t lose weight? dieter This individual can besides be classified as the? 50/50? dieter, because they have a 50 % opportunity of success. Despite their many attempts and alteration in life style, this individual is im mediately mislead and discouraged by the Numberss that appear on the graduated tables. After being mislead, this individual normally gives up or falls into a depression that leads to gorge eating. However, this individual has some hope, because of their willingness to set forth an attempt. The one factor that determines whether this individual will win is whether or non they can get the better of the reverse. My advice to this individual is go in front and pass the excess money to engage a personal trainer or fall in a fittingness plan. Not merely can these two facets help maintain you motivated, but they can besides supervise your advancement. The? I refuse to discontinue? dieter This type of individual is the one type of dieter that is guaranteed to derive the advancement they intend to derive. Whether their programs are to lose ten lbs or one-hundred lbs, they will be successful. They may be the type of individual that has made this declaration before ; nevertheless, they are now to the point of being so fed up with their physical status, nil will halt them now. The? over do it? dieter Their are non many people that will fall under this class ; nevertheless, it is more common than most of us realize. These people are in this class, because they will take their ? declaration? excessively far. Finally these people will halt populating their lives in order to do advancement at an unhealthy gait. They will jump societal events, work, and/or school in order to do a trip to the gym. This individual will besides try to populate on fewer Calories than the hungering kids in Ethiopia. Not merely will they damage their organic structures, but they will more than probably have to get down over once more ; that is, if they really live through this behaviour. Now, there are ever those who win in their New Year? s declarations and wholly alter their life styles ; nevertheless, I feel it is my responsibility to warn you that most do non. The bulk of those will happen themselves headed in the direct opposite way and deriving alternatively of losing. This need non frighten you off, though. Now you have been warned, therefore you know what it takes to win in this end. If you feel like you can manage the force per unit area, so all I can make is wish you luck. If non, so my advice is to go on populating your life the manner you have in old ages by. This may non be your healthiest pick, but why should you put on the line blowing clip, money, and felicity?

Planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations

Table of Contents Introduction Management in Military and Civil Organization Conclusion References Introduction An organization refers to a group of people who form a social unit that is structured and managed systematically with the aim of achieving a given objective. Military teams and civilian arrangements such as business institutions are examples of organizations. Though management structures is believed have originated from the military system of command, the military and civilian organizations have of late taken different dimensions with the later developing more liberalized approaches to implementing its policies.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to discuss whether or not the two types of organizations should adopt similar organizational competenc ies with respect to technology. The paper will look into systems in the two organizational types to identify similarities or differences to determine the argument. Management in Military and Civil Organization Though the military is always perceived to be a purely hierarchical system with chains of command that must be adhered to, there have been calls from experts and leaders in the military departments for a liberalization of the chains in the organizations. In the year 2001, for example, the United States’ secretary of defense made a call to the office of the president concerning a threat that had been identified in the department of defense. The threat was about the system of administration that was realized in the military. After the information was passed, a number of changes were realized in the country’s military departments such as the â€Å"supply chain system, harness information technology and cut costs by adopting practices from the corporate world† (Managing, 2003, p. 1). The perception that might be held by either the military or the corporate world that one is more efficient than the other might not be necessarily true. While the military view the cooperate world as more efficient, there are a lot of things that managers in business organizations ought to learn from the military. He also explains that business organizations ought to identify the â€Å"lessons that have been learnt over decades in the military† (Managing, 2003, p. 1). The military is actually designed more like the business world structure. Just as the supply of goods and services are critical to the lives and well being of consumers in the economic set up, is the military provision a necessity to the lives of soldiers in the field. The two organizations are even almost similar in their supply chains. The supply chain foreword direction flow is a similarity in the two organizations with military equipments being transferred along steps of a chain all the way to the final ground soldier just like inventory is transferred through stages until its finished form is delivered to the final consumer.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The United States’ military actually runs commercial operations that generate a large amount of money from â€Å"sales and services† (Managing, 2003). The military has also been adopting approaches used in the corporate world. Employment of academicians into systems for guidance and research is one of the lessons that have been learnt by the military from the corporate bodies. Technologies such as in information systems have also been adopted by the United States’ military which at one time became the country leader in information technology. The pentagon’s implementation of â€Å"Customer Relations Management, Supplier Management and Enterprise Resource Planni ng systems† (Managing, 2003, p. 1) and the use of retailer’s functionality systems in military provisionary chain is also a reflection of developed similarity in the two organizations (Managing, 2003). In what showed compatibility of methods in the two organizations, the American military also formed a committee in the year 2001 that was purely composed of chief executives from the corporate world to help the military in understanding techniques of gaining efficiencies. It is also reported that almost all techniques that have been developed by the military have received adoption by the corporate world (Managing, 2003). As Price David (2008) recounted, there are a number of business management structures that have been adopted by the military. The military, for example, has financial managers who are useful in decision making regarding resource allocations. Business management concepts such as efficiency and cost effectiveness in relation to managing resources that are i n most cases scarce, even in military environments have been essentials in the military. Like in business systems, the military’s top administration is also characterized by an extensive level of â€Å"Planning, Programming, and Budgeting† (Price, 2008, p. 1) that helps in the effective utilization of resources for the attainment of military objectives (Price, 2008). Features such as monitoring and evaluation have at the same time become common in the two organizational systems. Another similarity in the two systems is the power that is vested on the capital supplier to the systems. Just as business organizations aim at making decisions in the interest of share holders, the military’s decisions are aimed at satisfying the interest of tax payers (Price, 2008). Conclusion Following the discussion, it is evident that the military and the corporate world share a lot of things in common. It is also evident that concepts that have over time been identified by one part y have in the end have been adopted by the other. Due to similarities identified in their systems and operations, it can be concluded that planning for and implementation of information technology in the two systems require similar organizational competence.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Managing. (2003). Managing Supply Chains: What the Military Can Teach Business (and Vice Versa). Retrieved from: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/managing-supply-chains-what-the-military-can-teach-business-and-vice-versa/ Price, D. E. (2004). Organizing for expeditionary operations? Transforming headquarters financial management into the commander’s A-8 staff. Air Force Comptroller, July. Web. This critical writing on Planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations was written and submitted by user Raquel Mckinney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.